The main reason for the introduction of smart devices to young children is the benefits of such devices. Further, young children aged 2 years or older use a smart device nearly every day, and they develop the skills to manipulate a smart device on their own by age 3 or 4. Notably, the great majority (96.6%) of infants aged 6 months or older are shown music or other videos on a smart device by their parents.
Additionally, we propose to develop and provide interventions based on these results.Īdvances in information and communication technology (ICT) have popularised the use of smart devices worldwide, and young children are accordingly being exposed to smart devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, and smart televisions from an early age. These results are shown that more attention is needed to these variables in order to reduce preschoolers’ overdependence on smart devices. Mothers’ emotional intelligence, negative parenting behaviour, and preschoolers’ attachment instability are associated with preschoolers’ vulnerability to smart device overdependence. Preschoolers’ attachment instability had a direct positive relationship with preschoolers’s smart device overdependence (β = 0.46). Mothers’ negative parenting behaviour had a direct positive relationship with preschoolers’ attachment instability (β = 0.56) and both direct and indirect positive relationships with preschoolers’ smart device overdependence (β = 0.55). Mothers’ emotional intelligence had a direct negative relationship with mothers’ negative parenting behaviour (β = − 0.44) and an indirect negative relationship with preschoolers’ attachment instability (β = − 0.25) and preschoolers’ smart device overdependence (β = − 0.24). The data were analysed by SPSS23.0 and AMOS 23.0 software and a structural equation model was constructed p ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant. Questionnaires regarding mothers’ emotional intelligence and negative parenting behaviour, as well as preschoolers’ attachment instability and smart device overdependence, were used to collect data. The study collects and analyses data from January to May 2021 from 283 mothers raising children aged 3–6 years in South Korea.
This study aims to develop and test a structural model to explain smart device overdependence among preschoolers. Mothers have a large influence on preschoolers however, the relationship between mothers’ emotional intelligence, negative parenting behaviour, preschoolers’ attachment instability, and smart device overdependence remain unclear. As smart device overdependence among preschoolers could adversely affect their overall development, it is essential to understand the related factors of such overdependence.
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